Indifference to War in Remarque’s All Quiet on the...

Indifference to War in Remarque’s All Quiet on the Western Front In Remarque’s All Quiet on the Western Front, characters such as Paul and his friends become indifferent to shocking elements of war through constant exposure to them. For example, the characters are unconcerned about the dangers of the front because they are accustomed to being on the front. In another instance, Paul’s friends show no emotions when they witness snipers killing enemy soldiers. Also, Kat finds the unusual effects of mortar shells amusing. These examples prove that through war, characters of the book have become indifferent to things that they would normally find shocking. Many characters on the front are indifferent to the dangers of†¦show more content†¦However, Paul does not show any emotion in his description of his experience. Instead, he plainly tells about the incident. Paul has become indifferent to the threat of being killed by a shell because he is faced with this threat quite often. Another example of indifference in the story is when Paul and his friends watch snipers killing enemy soldiers. Kat and Albert watch in awe as a sniper scores his third kill for the day. Instead of thinking badly about killing, Kat says to Paul that â€Å"it’s very good for you to see just now† (229). Kat is not affected that the snipers are killing people who are just like Kat and the snipers. Kat and Albert have become very indifferent to killings on the battlefield. They are not very emotional about the killing of enemies; instead, Kat and Albert compliment the shooter on his â€Å"accomplishments†. One more example of indifference in the story is Kat’s indifference toward men killed by trench mortars. Kat explains that when trench mortars hit the ground, people who are nearby are blown out of their clothes and into the air. â€Å"It’s funny,† says Kat, â€Å"we have seen that several times now† (208). Kat is used to seeing men killed by mortars hang from trees because he has seen it many times. Kat is especially indifferent in this unpleasant incident, and he even thinks that it is funny. Kat and his friends becomeShow MoreRelatedAll Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarche830 Words   |  3 PagesAll Quiet on the Western Front is a fictional war novel written by Erich Maria Remarque which follows the main character Paul Baumer, a German solider in World War I. Paul, the nineteen year old protagonist, narrates the novel as he and his classmates fight on the German and French front. The young men volunteer to join the German army after being persuaded by the nationalist words of their teacher, Kantorek. After only fighting for two weeks, eighty men remain in the company of the once one hundred

Sustainability and environmental accounting Example

Essays on Sustainability and environmental accounting Essay Outline potential sources of information that superannuation funds could use to gather data about a company’s sustainability operations. Potential sources of information about sustainability of companies’ operations Information used by superannuation or pension funds may be classified as published reports by companies, completed studies or advisories contracted from third-party information providers, or primary and secondary data gathered by the fund’s staff for in-house analysis where the information is assessed. 1. Company issuances Corporate social responsibility (CSR), good governance, and environment sustainability compliance reports published and released by the companies themselves. These are in the form of firm-issued, general purpose non-financial reports prepared for the benefit of shareholders, stakeholders, and the public in general, either as standalone or integrated reports to comply with mandatory regulations (Godfrey, et al. 2010). The quality of corporate reporting may be hampered by practices considered deficient to satisfy the information needs of different readers, including superannuation funds (Rankin, et al., 2012). 2. Studies and advisories provided by external information providers Superannuation/pension funds rely on external sources of information because: Judging sustainability issues deserve attention in each sector requires specialised knowledge and broader information which the fund’s staff members do not have and could not acquire (or could acquire only at great expense); and For most funds, sustainability is only a secondary criterion or supplementary topic, the main criterion being the ability of the firm to generate consistent returns (Kasemir SÃ ¼ess, 2002, p. 21). 2.1. External providers of sustainability investment services Superannuation or pension funds which include sustainability criteria in its choice of portfolio tend to rely on external providers of sustainability investment services. Such services are known as ‘sustainability contractors’ and offer portfolios or corporations rated to have a ‘good sustainability record’ (Kasemir SÃ ¼ess, 2002, p. 20). In this case, the investment process is delegated to the investment service provider, also relying on their expertise. 2.2. External agencies assessing environmental and social reports by corporations 2.2.1. Agencies provide support to funds through reports analysing all major corporations categorized by factors (Kasemir SÃ ¼ess, 2002, p. 20). The fund retains the prerogative of deciding which corporations to invest in depending on the factors it has chosen. 2.2.2. Commercial research companies provide information to funds concerning the sustainability performance of companies grouped according to industries and rate them according to a set of criteria, ranking or rating the companies against each other (Super Ratings, 2012). 2.3. Non-commercial providers of sustainability information 2.3.1. Such sources as non-governmental organisations (NGOs) provide information for decision-makers of funds on a for free. Such information may be somewhat general in character with qualitative analysis and quantitative data per company (Jackson, 2006). 2.3.2. Academic sustainability assessments are seldom used, and when they are they are used only as supplementary information, because they are usually indepth and require a great amount of time to read (Kasemir SÃ ¼ess, 2002, p. 21). 3. Information sources for internal/ in-house assessment Some funds prefer to conduct their activities in-house with primary research, because: Mixing analysis from several outside sources may have applied different paradigms or models and would therefore be incompatible or incomparable, creating confusion; Even though the firm may be buying third-party information, internal staff must have a feel of the data and processes which the information service provides. 3.1. Surveys conducted by distributing questionnaires to companies about their environmental policies. 3.2. Company visits and interviews with company officers or managers on the firm’s sustainability practices and policies (Kasemir SÃ ¼ess, 2002, p. 21). References Association for Sustainability in Business 2012 Official website. Retrieved 6 November 2012 from http://sustainabilitybusiness.com.au/index.php/downloads-a-links Godfrey, J; Hodgson, A; Tarca, A; Hamilton, J; Holmes, S 2010 Accounting Theory 7th Edition. John Wiley Sons, Hoboken, NJ Ioannou, I Serafeim, G 2012 ‘The Consequences of Mandatory Corporate Sustainability Reporting.’ Harvard Business School. October 26. Retrieved 6 November 2012 from http://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/download.aspx?name=11-100.pdf Jackson, W 2006 Study probes "carbon footprint" of UK funds, Fund Strategy, p. 10, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 6 November 2012. Kasemir B SÃ ¼ess, A 2002 ‘Sustainability Information and Pension Fund Investment’ Global Environmental Assessment Project. Belfer Center for Science International Affairs, Harvard University. Rankin, M; Stanton, P; McGowan, S; Ferlauto, K; Tilling, M. 2012 Contemporary Issues in Accounting. John Wiley Sons Australia, Ltd. Super Ratings 2012 Official website. Retrieved 6 November 2012 from http://www.superatings.com.au Trucost plc 2008 ‘Carbon Counts 2008: The Carbon Footprints of Australian Superannuation Investment Managers’. Retrieved 6 November 2012 from http://www.aist.asn.au/media/2249/aist_2008_research_trucostreport.pdf Trucost plc 2011 ‘Carbon Counts: The Carbon Footprints of Australian Superannuation Investment Managers’. Retrieved 6 November 2012 from http://www.aist.asn.au/media/95963/trucost_report_final_06_09.pdf

Marketing Planning Evaluating Health Impacts

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Planning for Evaluating Health Impacts. Answer: Introduction: The international business in the fast food market incredibly requires product standardisation and adaptation process, due to the significant market competitiveness. In the words of Abascal et al. (2009), the product adaptation strategies are considered as the most influential aspect for the multinational fast food corporations. However, the recent theory says that the product standardisation improves the overall organisational performance, while, the fact is not true for all the cases. As a consequence, the standardisation and adaptation both are prioritised while managing the international fast food business. The contemporary MNCs operating in the global fast food industry strives to incorporate ingredients of both the approaches to managing long-term sustainability. Considering the fact, the question 4 evaluates the overseas performance of Jollibee Food Corporation (JFC). Also, the extent the rim can transfer its core competencies have also been critically assessed in the current study. A particular focus has been made analysing whether the firm requires modification of the customer-driven strategies to suit the foreign environments or not. The overall analysis has been done linking with the theoretical models and past literature. JFCs overseas performances: After experiencing business success in its nation, the firm JFC turned its business overseas. At the initial stage, the brand started targeting the Filipino populated regions in the international market to create the brand awareness. The operation in Hong Kong, Saipan and Guam, Vietnam, Brunet, Indonesia, Dubai and Kuwait had generated a remarkable business profit in its initial business process. Later on, the brand had entered the USA fast food market in the FY 1998 and targeted 2 million Filipino immigrants. The food quality and tastes have satisfied the customers, and the brand popularity increased. Dishes like fried chicken and Peach Mango Pie has been liked by the American customers as well. In this context, Abascal et al. (2009) stated that the reason behind the success in overseas business is that the firm tried to develop the JFC brands in regions where the supply chain can critically support the mass of stores in the selected international areas. Eventually, the company adop ted franchise mode in the US and gradually purchased a majority interest in Tokyo Teriyaki House, a Japanese restaurant located in California. The restaurant renamed as Tomis Teriyaki House. The location of JFC Group stores by brand has been given in the Appendix, Exhibit 1, which shows the success factor of JFCs international business expansion. After expanding three store networks in Vietnam in the FY 2004, the firm again signed an agreement to purchase almost 85% ownership of Yonghe King Chain. The innovation and quality customer services have enabled the company opening 12 more Yonghe King Brands within the third quarter of 2004. Most importantly, the sales volume had increased by 6% in the same year (www.jollibee.com.ph, 2016). However, in the same year, the brand closed almost 13 stores in its foreign locations, including Dubai, the USA and Hong Kong (www.jollibee.com.ph, 2016). Fitzpatrick et al. (2015) stated that although the brand concept is good, it fails to meet the international challenges in the context of changing customer preferences towards the fast food market. The rapid sales growth was used to come from the Philippine branches, while, the number of Chinese stores remained same and a few sales growth had been experienced by the firm. Although the internal expansion approach was satisfactory the overall performance has been found average, which still requires a lot of work to improve and manage brand sustainability. Evaluation of transferring the core competency to its overseas operation: The international operation of JFC Group includes the transfer of core competencies like to offer unique products as preferred by the Philippine groups. In the words of Gemina et al. (2013), the operational effectiveness and the deep organisational structure had enabled the firm offering tailor made the menu to the customers. This strategy has helped the brand reaching more international customers across its overall operations. On the other hand, hiring potential manpower is also considered as another core competency of the firm Jollibee. The core competency included a clear focus on meeting operational efficacy by utilizing productive resources. However, Jafari Momtaz et al. (2013) pointed out that the lack of core competency likes product diversification obscured the fact that each year some of the stores were closed. It was either due to the underperformance or because of being replaced by the larger stores in better business locations (www.jollibee.com.ph, 2016). Therefore, the lack of operational and brand management activity were the main reasons due to the failure of running all stores successfully. However, Gk (2009) stated that the customer support activity was one of the core competencies of the firm, which executed the corporate programs in a renewed enthusiasm and the greater commitment from the managers and the employees. The marketing and brand promotion activity is also found attractive enough to maintain sufficient brand value to its customers. Analysis regarding the need of modifying the consumer driven strategies to suit the foreign market: The current market competitiveness of the brand JFC can be analysed using the Porters five forces model. Eventually, an inference can be drawn to identify whether there is any need to alter the consumer driven strategies or not. Porters five forces model: Rivalry among the existing industry players: The rivalry competitiveness is higher for the current firm, as every year one or more new brand is replacing the stores of JFC Group (Wasowicz-Kirylo and Stysko-Kunkowska, 2011). The competitors like KFC, McDonalds and AW create a healthy rivalry among the other fast food providers as well. Supporting to this fact, Johnson and Weinstein (2012) stated that the brands like KFC, McDonalds are consistently providing more choices that range from the chicken to burger and snacks consists of both veg and non-veg items. On the contrary, the lack of product diversification or failure to meet actual customer demand also imposes higher sustainability issue to the JFC Group(www.jollibee.com.ph, 2016). The majority of the competitors of JFC is either equal or more than the size, power and growth in the fast food industry. Threats from the substitute products: The threat from the replacement products is also higher for the firm JFC Group. Since the brand concentrates mostly on the Philippine type of goods, the newly launched beverage or fast food products can lower down the overall brand identity (Kelaher et al. 2010). The 24-hour service of the other fast food brand can also be considered as a potential threat from the substitute facilities for the firm. Threat of new entrants: The market attractiveness of the fast food retailing is increasing gradually. In the words of Kim and Wemmerlv (2015), due to the low switching cost and the lack of product differentiation, the new entrants quickly penetrate into the fast food market. Therefore, the brand JFC Group can also experience an intense competition from the new fast food competitors. Also, the JFC Group also faces significant competition from the competitors like Carls Junior and Wendys, in the Malaysian market. Bargaining power of suppliers: The bargaining power of the JFCs suppliers is lower as compared to the rivals. Also, LindiÄ  and Marques da Silva, (2011) stated that the quality of the final product offered to the customers is largely dependent on the quality of the raw materials received from the suppliers. Supporting to this fact, Wasowicz-Kirylo and Stysko-Kunkowska (2011) stated that the potential power in the US and Australian fast food market is comparatively lower, due to the existence of standardised inputs and low switching cost. Bargaining power of buyers: The bargaining power of the buyers is significantly higher for the firm. The customers of the current operating regions of FC Group demand greater quality product along with the delivery flexibility and terms of payment. The lower switching cost instigates the customer to shift into the brand like McDonalds, KFC, Burger King, etc. Also, the JFC Group fails to meet the changing fast food demand of the customers (Wasowicz-Kirylo and Stysko-Kunkowska, 2011). At the same time, the target market penetration has become a crucial task for the brand, due to the lack of product innovativeness. Hence, there is a greater chance of losing the existing customer base by the current brand JFC Group. Analysis: The overall analysis indicates that JFC Group needs to modify the consumer driven strategies to suit the foreign market. It can be done by managing strategic fit within its operational activities. Eventually, the unique selling proposition can be improved, and the brand can meet its sustainable competitiveness in the international business market. A Directional Policy model can be employed to improve the strategic market growth of the firm JFC Group. Modification of consumer driven policies by employing directional policy matrix: Table 1: Directional Policy matrix (Source: Created by author) Analysis: The above table indicates that the firm JFC group has given lesser concentration on the burger, pizza and other fast food item. However, the significant focus has been made on the chicken items and spaghetti, where the cost involved is also higher. While expanding the business into the international platform, the firm needs to move away from offering traditional Filipino meals and the stagnant foods that are already being provided by the existing players (Kelaher et al. 2010). Supporting to this fact, Zirfas (2013) stated that the fast food marketers need to prioritise more on the small investment and offering good quality unique products to the customers. Although the food products provided by JFC Group have created successful brand awareness in the home market, it failed to generate customer attraction in the international business market. Along with the offerings of chicken, jolly hot dog and French fries, the firm also needs to focus more on the burger and other pizza items as well. This strategy could help the brand maintaining diversified food offerings to the customers. The consumer-driven approach could be better suited for the current brand in the foreign market. Finally, even if the name becomes much less Philippine in nature, the food innovation and quality of the product offerings need to be modified to make the business strategy a customer centric one. It could help the brand equally competing with the new entrants, and the brand could safeguard the closure of the retail, fast food branches across the global operation. Business strength Weight JFC Group Raw Adjusted Asset and manpower 0.2 6 1.2 Sales growth 0.3 7 2.1 Market share 0.1 6 0.6 Products and technical specification 0.3 6 1.8 Reputation 0.1 6 0.6 Market attractiveness Weight JFC Group Raw Adjusted Market size 0.1 6 0.6 Market stability 0.4 7 2.8 Market growth 0.3. 6 1.8 Competition 0.2 6 1.2 As the brand has sufficient manpower the contribution made by the employees are found greater. Eventually, the sales growth and technical specification have been found higher. Thus, the competitive pricing and moderate brand reputation can be considered a potential element to maintain the overall brand sustainability of JFC group. Conclusion: The overall study indicates that brand innovation and employment of customer-centric business strategy is required to maintain sufficient brand competitiveness. Although the franchise business model has given adequate growth and success in the Philippine business market, the lack of diversification led to the closure of the stores also. Thus, to manage the future challenges, the brand needs to ensure the cost structure, especially in the support groups. This could help the brand sustaining a positive growth in the same-store sales value. The custom-centric value generation features can also be incorporated into the operational model to win significant foreign operations. Eventually, the brand could actually become a world class business. References: Abascal, E., Garca Lautre, I. and Mallor, F. (2009) Tracking customer portfolio composition: A factor analysis approach, Applied Stochastic Models in Business and Industry, 26(5), pp. 535550. Corporation, J.F. (2016) Jollibee foods corporation. Available at: https://www.jollibee.com.ph/ (Accessed: 24 August 2016). Fitzpatrick, B.D., Nguyen, Q.Q.A. and Cayan, Z. (2015) An upgrade to competitive corporate analysis: Creation of A personal finance platform to strengthen porters Five competitive forces model in utilizing, Journal of Business Economics Research (JBER), 13(1), p. 54. Gemina, D., Andari, T.T. and Kusuma, I.C. (2013) Consumer behavior on the choice of typical regional food products based on external and internal factors, perception, attitude and consumer preference,International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 3(2), p. 138 Gk, O. (2009) Linking account portfolio management to customer information: Using customer satisfaction metrics for portfolio analysis, Industrial Marketing Management, 38(4), pp. 433439. Jafari Momtaz, N., Alizadeh, S. and Sharif Vaghefi, M. (2013) A new model for assessment fast food customer behavior case study, British Food Journal, 115(4), pp. 601613. Johnson, W.C. and Weinstein, A. (2012)Superior customer value in the new economy: Concepts and cases, Second edition. 2nd edn. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor Francis Kelaher, M., Warr, D.J. and Tacticos, T. (2010) Evaluating health impacts: Results from the neighbourhood renewal stratgey in Victoria, Australia, Health Place, 16(5), pp. 861867. Kim, Y.H. and Wemmerlv, U. (2015) Does a suppliers operational competence translate into financial performance? An empirical analysis of supplier-customer relationships, Decision Sciences, 46(1), pp. 101134 LindiÄ , J. and Marques da Silva, C. (2011) Value proposition as a catalyst for a customer focused innovation, Management Decision, 49(10), pp. 16941708. Wasowicz-Kirylo, G. and Stysko-Kunkowska, M. (2011) Attributes of nutritional information Labelling that determine attractiveness of labels and correctness of inferences made about food Healthfulness, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, pp. 722728. Zirfas, J. (2013) Fast food and fun, Paragrana, 22(1), pp. 2026

The Influence of the Global Moment Essay Example

The Influence of the Global Moment Essay Western Area History Professor Klaus Dietrich July 15, 2014 The year 1919 has very significant meanings throughout the world history. It is because the World War One which took four years finally ended in November 1918. Germany surrendered to the Allies and a new world order was established under the Treaty of Versailles In 1919. Before the Great War, the almost whole Europe especially the Brittle Empire and France and also the united States and Japan which Is the first Asian nation were obsessed with the imperialism and the colonialism. It is because these countries needed a new land. After the Industrial Revolution, these countries experienced the excessive capital accumulation and the rapid population growth. Therefore, they needed a new market to export their capital surplus and a new territory for their overpopulation. Also, the Social Darwinism and the strengthened nationalism after Italian and German unification In 1861 and 1871 respectively justified their imperialism. Therefore, many Asia and Africa countries were their typical sacrifices. Korea and Poland were also the sacrifices. Both countries were under the control of other countries and Poland was colonized faster than Korea. Poland experienced three partitions in 1772, 1793 and 1795 by the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia and Hapsburg Austria. The occupied Polish society looked different depended on the occupying nation. The area occupied by Russia was the 1830 and the January Uprising in 1863, brutal revenge followed by the Russian government. It tried to erase all traces of former Polish autonomy. We will write a custom essay sample on The Influence of the Global Moment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Influence of the Global Moment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Influence of the Global Moment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer For example, it changed the name of the Congress Pollards land into Fistula Land (Kara Individuals) and divided the kingdom into ten provinces. Also it banned the Polish language and Russian became the official language of the country. Only the area controlled by Austria was better than the others. The Austrian government allowed a certain local autonomy so the Poles in this area could have their own local government called Governor Commission (Osmosis Gubernatorial) which had a considerable power and Polish language was also accepted. However, all Poles have the same, single desire to achieve independence and unify the divided countries although they were controlled by different countries. On the other hand, in the late 19th century, the Korean Peninsula was ruled by the Jones dynasty. From 1800 the little children aged around 10 became the king continually and they could not manage the country very well. So internally there were many peasant uprisings continuously. The rebellion of Hong Geeing-Ana in 1811 and the peasant rebellion in Jinni in 1862 were typical examples. Many western countries coerced the Jones Dynasty to open the ports for trade but the Jones government was afraid that their ideology and social order which they had preserved with great effort by their ancestors would be destroyed by strange Westerners. It already had a conflict with the Roman Catholicism. It was introduced in Korea under the name of Western Learning (8%) after the late 18th century and brought shocking ideas such as the human equality and the refusal to carry out ancestral worship to the society. Nobles and the government who were deeply influenced by the Confucianism were hard to accept these ideas so they stuck to isolationism as their only measure to protect the country. In addition, the two Opium Wars between the Great Britain and the King Dynasty made the Someones door closed more tightly. However, this isolationism could not protect them unlike their expectation. It was Just a temporary expedient which made Jones fall behind international developments. As a result, the hermit Jones was unveiled forcibly by Japan and other imperialist countries. Jones was exposed to the world capitalistic market defenseless and eventually it was annexed by Japan in 1910. Toward the end of the World War One in 1918, people were totally exhausted with imperialism and disgusting wars. They wanted peace earnestly and Woodrow Willows Fourteen Points was good enough to satisfy the peoples desire. Wilson was the president of the United States and he presented the fourteen points in the Congress on the 8th of January, 1918 in order to make the fundamental principles for finishing the war and establishing a Justice and lasting peace. There are several reasons to say that Willows fourteen points succeeded in some degree. Firstly, the Fourteen Points helped the Allied Forces to win the World War One. Actually, the fact itself that the United States participated in the World War One was a tremendous assistance to the Allied Forces for sure. In addition, the points Justified and motivated he Allied Forces by censuring the German imperialism and the provocation. I think this Justification might be a mental supporter to help the Allied troops reassured and win. Also, Willows statement might succeed a little bit to persuade the German and the Austrian to cooperate to make the world peace together. Secondly, Willows foundation of the League of Nations. However, frankly speaking, the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations nominally spoke about the peace which was similar to Willows ideology, but both had a lot of weaknesses. The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties. It was very important because it would decide the future of Germany after the war. However, the victorious countries were not interested in her future at all. It was not the promise for the peace based on reconciliation but revenge. It was a very harsh and humiliating treaty for Germany. Germany lost all the foreign investment, colonies and vessels but the most brutal article was about reparations. It cost 132 billion Marks which was an exorbitant amount of money. The Germans thought that it was too severe and unfair even though they prepared for humiliation and loss as the people of the defeated country. The peace treaty ironically became a seed of another revenge. Another problem is the League of Nations could not impose tough sanctions because it did not have its own army. So it could only imposed economic sanctions which were not enough to solve international disputes. As a result, the onset of the Second World War proved that the League did not do its role well. Even though both had a lot of weaknesses, at least the Treaty of Versailles contributed to the postwar stability and also the League of Nations had some meanings as the first international peace organization. Lastly, Willows Fourteen Points helped many countries achieve their independence or affected their independence movements a lot. We cannot talk about the Fourteen Points without the self-determination. I think self-determination is the most important vocabulary in his speech because it affected the world the most among the other principles such as open diplomacy and agreements, free trade with the equal terms of trade, reduced armaments and democracy. It had a special meaning because the self-determination in the points was not simply for finishing the war but for eliminating the original reasons of the war. Wilson tried not to simply focus on the balance of the power but to focus on the self-determination which means all countries should have the right to freely choose their sovereignty and international political status with no external compulsion or interferences regardless of their power. He said, It is the principle of Justice to all peoples and nationalities and their right to live on equal terms of liberty and safety with one another, whether they be strong or weak. 2 It gave a huge hope not only to European countries but also to the colonial countries in Asia. In reality, many ethnic minorities dominated by Germany ND Austria established independent nations. To be specific, Poland, Finland, Baltic countries (Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia), Hungary, Czechoslovakia and many other countries achieved independence. These are the three reasons why Willows Fourteen Points are important and a series of worldwide situations resulted from the points so that is why some people call the global moment of 1919 as the Wilson Moment. Now, let us look more deeply about Poland and Korea situation after the global moment. As I said before, Poland enjoyed the pleasure of independence after 123 years of partitions but it was not all pleasure. Most regions in Poland were destroyed because of the war and they were poor. Also it had a serious regional imbalance problem because three regions were under the control of different countries before unification. They had used different currencies and had different combine all together. The Second Polish Republic was created after the independence and JÂ ¶kef Pulaski became the chief of State. It was a parliamentary democracy with the president who had limited powers. The global moment brought independence and democracy to Poland but could not maintain the peace and democracy for a long time because of Pulaski. He wanted to recover the former territory of the kingdom of Poland so he started the Polish-Soviet War in 1919. In addition, other wars with neighboring countries were continued even after independence to decide the borderline. At the end, he seized the power by a military coup in 1926 so democracy ended in short. On the other hand, Korea could not achieve the independence because Korea was the colony of the victorious country, Japan. The Fourteen Points was only for colonies of defeated countries. That is why some people say that Koreans who believed that the Willows speech would bring hem independence were too naive or they did not understand the situation well. However, I think this is not true. Koreans already knew that they could not achieve the independence according to the Willows Fourteen Points, especially the Korean students studying in Tokyo who did 2. 8 Independence Declaration in 1919. However they attempted to extend the range of application to establish a foothold for independence. Willows Fourteen Points failed to give Korea independence directly but it is certain that it gave Korea a huge hope and possibility of independence. This name out as the most famous Korean independence movement, March 1st Movement in 1919 and after this movement, many things changed. Firstly, there was a huge transition of independence method. The independence movement was done by secret associations in sass, so participants were limited. However, after this movement, they began to accept diverse ideologies like democracy and socialism. So many people could participate in the movement and the activities became more various. Secondly, March 1st Movement changed the Japanese governance. Japanese government realized that the Forced Rule in sass was not proper to control the Koreans, so the government changed the rule to Cultural Rule which allowed Koreans to have limited freedom. Lastly, March 1st Movement influenced other countries such as Sandhogs campaigns for independence from the British Empire which is famous for nonviolent disobedience in India and also had effect on the May Fourth Movement in China. I think the global moment still have important meanings in Korean history because of the reasons above. It proved Koreans strength. They continued independence movements rather than giving up, even though their hope was disregarded by Western countries. In conclusion, the global moment influenced lot not only Poland and Korea but also the whole world after the World War One. Peoples fatigue and desire for the peace led to Willows Fourteen Points and his speech opened the global moment.